![]() ![]() Our piezoelectric tutorial contains more information about the design and function of piezoelectric stacks.Ĭhips After Binder Burnout and Sintering Thorlabs' In-House Piezoelectric Manufacturing Unlike discrete piezo stacks that are composed of PZT chips that have been bonded together, co-fired piezoelectric stacks are composed of PZT chips that have been sintered together to form a single monolithic structure. Thorlabs also offers Co-Fired Piezoelectric Stacks with maximum displacements from 4.6 µm to 20.0 µm, including one with a built-in strain gauge that can be used to provide feedback. Please see the Operation tab for additional guidance on integrating these piezoelectric devices into applications, special operational considerations, and data that will allow their lifetimes to be estimated when their operational conditions are known. If closed-loop feedback is required, consider the Piezoelectric Actuators with Attached Strain Gauges. Please also note that these actuators do not contain a strain gauge and will therefore not provide positional feedback information when closed-loop controllers are used. These controllers are capable of providing drive voltages from 0 to 150 V and thus will not achieve the full range of the APF series piezo actuators. These actuators can be driven with the MDT69xB and KPZ101 open-loop controllers, and the MPZ601 or BPC30x closed-loop controllers. Note: When building the setup, keep the wire leads of each piezo bundled together to avoid static discharge, which can damage the piezo elements. Alternatively, the full range of motion can be achieved by holding the black or white wire at +30 V and varying the voltage on the red lead between 0 and +180 V if a bipolar power supply is not available. The flexure housing has one tapped mounting hole on the top and on the bottom, as well as four tapped mounting holes on the front and on the back. These mounting options provide flexibility when integrating the actuators into a setup, but care must be taken to align the load properly with the actuator's translation axis to avoid introducing angular resonance modes. Under typical usage conditions, the electrode attached to the black wire (APF503) or white wire (APF705 and APF710) should be grounded, while a bi-polar power supply is used to apply a voltage from -30 V to +150 V to the red wire. ![]() The APF Series can be driven by voltages from -30 to 150 V and are installed in an open frame with several tapped holes for mounting components, making them ideal for OEM integration. The piezo actuators come with pre-attached wires. The ceramic layer offers better protection against moisture than an epoxy coating. Additionally, it has two M2.5 taps to provide easy and secure mounting options. Each stack is covered on four sides by an insulating ceramic layer that acts as a barrier to moisture. The tungsten-carbide spherical contact on the top of the actuator housing allows for precise mounting of the load along the translation axis and prevents undesired stress along the other axes. The PK2F Series Amplified Piezos accept a drive voltage from 0 to 75 V and include a U-shaped, protective metal cover, as well as a ball contact for mounting a load on top. These piezo actuators come with pre-attached wires the electrode attached to the red wire should be positively biased, and the electrode attached to the black wire should be grounded. The U-shaped metal cover protects the piezo stack and wire connections. Because this displacement is created by a piezo stack within a flexure mount, these actuators do not suffer from backlash. While the displacement achieved by this assembly is significantly larger than that of the piezo stack, the fast response times and low drive voltage ranges of the discrete stack are maintained. The flexure mount acts as a lever arm that amplifies the free stroke displacement of the stand-alone discrete stack. Thorlabs' Amplified Piezoelectric Actuators each consist of a discrete piezoelectric stack mounted inside a flexure housing.
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